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ASP.NET Core 支持依赖关系注入 (DI) 软件设计模式,这是一种在类及其依赖关系之间实现控制反转 (IoC) 的技术。
默认服务容器是 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection 。
内置的服务容器一般能满足简单的框架和部分消费者应用的需求。 建议使用内置容器,除非你需要的特定功能不受内置容器支持,例如:
属性注入
基于名称的注入
子容器
自定义生存期管理
对迟缓初始化的 Func<T> 支持
基于约定的注册
而大部分情况下,实际项目中往往是比较复杂的,所以可以使用其他第三方IOC容器,如Autofac;
Autofac 是.Net世界中最常用的依赖注入框架之一. 相比.Net Core标准的依赖注入库, 它提供了更多高级特性, 比如动态代理和属性注入.
优点:
它是C#语言联系很紧密,也就是说C#里的很多编程方式都可以为Autofac使用,例如可以用Lambda表达式注册组件
较低的学习曲线,学习它非常的简单,只要你理解了IoC和DI的概念以及在何时需要使用它们
XML配置支持
自动装配
1、项目中引用
2、准备好类、接口
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace AspNetCoreExample.Services{ public interface IValuesService { IEnumerableFindAll(); string Find(int id); }}
using System.Collections.Generic;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;namespace AspNetCoreExample.Services{ public class ValuesService : IValuesService { private readonly ILogger_logger; public ValuesService(ILogger logger) { _logger = logger; } public IEnumerable FindAll() { _logger.LogDebug("{method} called", nameof(FindAll)); return new[] { "value1", "value2" }; } public string Find(int id) { _logger.LogDebug("{method} called with {id}", nameof(Find), id); return $"value{id}"; } }}
3、替换掉内置的Ioc
using System;using System.Linq;using Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection;using Microsoft.AspNetCore;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;namespace AspNetCoreExample{ public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { // The ConfigureServices call here allows for // ConfigureContainer to be supported in Startup with // a strongly-typed ContainerBuilder. If you don't // have the call to AddAutofac here, you won't get // ConfigureContainer support. This also automatically // calls Populate to put services you register during // ConfigureServices into Autofac. var host = WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureServices(services => services.AddAutofac()) .UseStartup() .Build(); host.Run(); } }}
using System;using System.Linq;using Autofac;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;namespace AspNetCoreExample{ // ASP.NET Core docs for Autofac are here: // https://autofac.readthedocs.io/en/latest/integration/aspnetcore.html public class Startup { public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env) { var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder() .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath) .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true) .AddEnvironmentVariables(); this.Configuration = builder.Build(); } public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { get; private set; } public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app) { app.UseMvc(); } public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder) { // Add any Autofac modules or registrations. // This is called AFTER ConfigureServices so things you // register here OVERRIDE things registered in ConfigureServices. // // You must have the call to AddAutofac in the Program.Main // method or this won't be called. builder.RegisterModule(new AutofacModule()); } public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { // Use extensions from libraries to register services in the // collection. These will be automatically added to the // Autofac container. // // Note if you have this method return an IServiceProvider // then ConfigureContainer will not be called. services.AddMvc(); } }}
4、注入我们准备好的测试类、接口
using Autofac;using AspNetCoreExample.Services;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;namespace AspNetCoreExample{ public class AutofacModule : Module { protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder) { // The generic ILoggerservice was added to the ServiceCollection by ASP.NET Core. // It was then registered with Autofac using the Populate method. All of this starts // with the services.AddAutofac() that happens in Program and registers Autofac // as the service provider. builder.Register(c => new ValuesService(c.Resolve >())) .As () .InstancePerLifetimeScope(); } }}
5、小试牛刀,用起来
using System.Collections.Generic;using AspNetCoreExample.Services;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;namespace AspNetCoreExample.Controllers{ ////// Simple REST API controller that shows Autofac injecting dependencies. /// ///[Route("api/[controller]")] public class ValuesController : Controller { private readonly IValuesService _valuesService; public ValuesController(IValuesService valuesService) { this._valuesService = valuesService; } // GET api/values [HttpGet] public IEnumerable Get() { return this._valuesService.FindAll(); } // GET api/values/5 [HttpGet("{id}")] public string Get(int id) { return this._valuesService.Find(id); } }}
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